diff --git a/phpstan-baseline.neon b/phpstan-baseline.neon
index 661ea4338a..dfd522a04d 100644
--- a/phpstan-baseline.neon
+++ b/phpstan-baseline.neon
@@ -12282,7 +12282,7 @@ parameters:
 
 		-
 			message: "#^Construct empty\\(\\) is not allowed\\. Use more strict comparison\\.$#"
-			count: 5
+			count: 4
 			path: src/ResponseRenderer.php
 
 		-
diff --git a/psalm-baseline.xml b/psalm-baseline.xml
index 1e6a094da6..9a31f998a0 100644
--- a/psalm-baseline.xml
+++ b/psalm-baseline.xml
@@ -10159,7 +10159,6 @@
     <DeprecatedMethod>
       <code><![CDATA[Config::getInstance()]]></code>
       <code><![CDATA[DatabaseInterface::getInstance()]]></code>
-      <code><![CDATA[DatabaseInterface::getInstance()]]></code>
     </DeprecatedMethod>
     <InvalidArrayOffset>
       <code><![CDATA[$GLOBALS['focus_querywindow']]]></code>
@@ -10173,7 +10172,6 @@
     </MixedAssignment>
     <RiskyTruthyFalsyComparison>
       <code><![CDATA[empty($GLOBALS['error_message'])]]></code>
-      <code><![CDATA[empty($_REQUEST['ajax_request'])]]></code>
       <code><![CDATA[empty($_REQUEST['no_debug'])]]></code>
     </RiskyTruthyFalsyComparison>
   </file>
diff --git a/src/Header.php b/src/Header.php
index ce1498130a..a86a54c7d6 100644
--- a/src/Header.php
+++ b/src/Header.php
@@ -15,8 +15,6 @@ use PhpMyAdmin\Theme\ThemeManager;
 
 use function array_merge;
 use function defined;
-use function gmdate;
-use function header;
 use function htmlspecialchars;
 use function ini_get;
 use function json_encode;
@@ -210,8 +208,6 @@ class Header
     /** @return mixed[] */
     public function getDisplay(): array
     {
-        $this->sendHttpHeaders();
-
         $baseDir = defined('PMA_PATH_TO_BASEDIR') ? PMA_PATH_TO_BASEDIR : '';
 
         /** @var ThemeManager $themeManager */
@@ -338,27 +334,6 @@ class Header
         return $retval;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Sends out the HTTP headers
-     */
-    public function sendHttpHeaders(): void
-    {
-        if (defined('TESTSUITE')) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Sends http headers
-         */
-        $GLOBALS['now'] = gmdate('D, d M Y H:i:s') . ' GMT';
-
-        $headers = $this->getHttpHeaders();
-
-        foreach ($headers as $name => $value) {
-            header(sprintf('%s: %s', $name, $value));
-        }
-    }
-
     /** @return array<string, string> */
     public function getHttpHeaders(): array
     {
@@ -545,4 +520,9 @@ class Header
     {
         $this->isTransformationWrapper = $isTransformationWrapper;
     }
+
+    public function getConsole(): Console
+    {
+        return $this->console;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/ResponseRenderer.php b/src/ResponseRenderer.php
index a4b270c5f5..6c57c1b929 100644
--- a/src/ResponseRenderer.php
+++ b/src/ResponseRenderer.php
@@ -28,10 +28,6 @@ class ResponseRenderer
 {
     private static ResponseRenderer|null $instance = null;
 
-    /**
-     * Header instance
-     */
-    protected Header $header;
     /**
      * HTML data to be used in the response
      */
@@ -43,10 +39,7 @@ class ResponseRenderer
      * @var mixed[]
      */
     private array $JSON = [];
-    /**
-     * PhpMyAdmin\Footer instance
-     */
-    protected Footer $footer;
+
     /**
      * Whether we are servicing an ajax request.
      */
@@ -136,24 +129,16 @@ class ResponseRenderer
 
     protected Response $response;
 
-    protected Template $template;
-    protected Config $config;
-
-    private function __construct()
-    {
-        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
-        $this->template = new Template();
-        $dbi = DatabaseInterface::getInstance();
-        $relation = new Relation($dbi);
-        $this->header = new Header(
-            $this->template,
-            new Console($relation, $this->template, new BookmarkRepository($dbi, $relation)),
-            $this->config,
-        );
-        $this->footer = new Footer($this->template, $this->config);
-        $this->response = ResponseFactory::create()->createResponse();
-
-        $this->setAjax(! empty($_REQUEST['ajax_request']));
+    protected function __construct(
+        protected Config $config,
+        protected Template $template,
+        protected Header $header,
+        protected Footer $footer,
+        protected ErrorHandler $errorHandler,
+        protected DatabaseInterface $dbi,
+        ResponseFactory $responseFactory,
+    ) {
+        $this->response = $responseFactory->createResponse(StatusCodeInterface::STATUS_OK, 'OK');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -172,10 +157,26 @@ class ResponseRenderer
      */
     public static function getInstance(): ResponseRenderer
     {
-        if (self::$instance === null) {
-            self::$instance = new ResponseRenderer();
+        if (self::$instance !== null) {
+            return self::$instance;
         }
 
+        $config = Config::getInstance();
+        $template = new Template($config);
+        $dbi = DatabaseInterface::getInstance();
+        $relation = new Relation($dbi);
+        $console = new Console($relation, $template, new BookmarkRepository($dbi, $relation));
+
+        self::$instance = new ResponseRenderer(
+            $config,
+            $template,
+            new Header($template, $console, $config),
+            new Footer($template, $config),
+            ErrorHandler::getInstance(),
+            $dbi,
+            ResponseFactory::create(),
+        );
+
         return self::$instance;
     }
 
@@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ class ResponseRenderer
                 $this->addJSON('title', '<title>' . $this->getHeader()->getPageTitle() . '</title>');
             }
 
-            if (DatabaseInterface::getInstance()->isConnected()) {
+            if ($this->dbi->isConnected()) {
                 $this->addJSON('menu', $this->getHeader()->getMenu()->getDisplay());
             }
 
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ class ResponseRenderer
                 $this->addJSON('errors', $errors);
             }
 
-            $promptPhpErrors = ErrorHandler::getInstance()->hasErrorsForPrompt();
+            $promptPhpErrors = $this->errorHandler->hasErrorsForPrompt();
             $this->addJSON('promptPhpErrors', $promptPhpErrors);
 
             if (empty($GLOBALS['error_message'])) {
@@ -317,12 +318,6 @@ class ResponseRenderer
             }
         }
 
-        // Set the Content-Type header to JSON so that jQuery parses the
-        // response correctly.
-        foreach (Core::headerJSON() as $name => $value) {
-            $this->addHeader($name, $value);
-        }
-
         $result = json_encode($this->JSON);
         if ($result === false) {
             return (string) json_encode([
@@ -336,9 +331,19 @@ class ResponseRenderer
 
     public function response(): Response
     {
-        $this->response->getBody()->write($this->isAjax() ? $this->ajaxResponse() : $this->getDisplay());
+        if ($this->isAjax()) {
+            $headers = Core::headerJSON();
+            $body = $this->ajaxResponse();
+        } else {
+            $headers = $this->header->getHttpHeaders();
+            $body = $this->getDisplay();
+        }
 
-        return $this->response;
+        foreach ($headers as $name => $value) {
+            $this->response = $this->response->withHeader($name, $value);
+        }
+
+        return $this->response->write($body);
     }
 
     public function addHeader(string $name, string $value): void
diff --git a/tests/unit/ResponseRendererTest.php b/tests/unit/ResponseRendererTest.php
index cc639cac8e..7b3abb1de0 100644
--- a/tests/unit/ResponseRendererTest.php
+++ b/tests/unit/ResponseRendererTest.php
@@ -5,19 +5,24 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace PhpMyAdmin\Tests;
 
 use Fig\Http\Message\StatusCodeInterface;
+use PhpMyAdmin\Config;
+use PhpMyAdmin\Current;
 use PhpMyAdmin\DatabaseInterface;
 use PhpMyAdmin\Header;
 use PhpMyAdmin\Html\MySQLDocumentation;
 use PhpMyAdmin\Message;
 use PhpMyAdmin\ResponseRenderer;
 use PhpMyAdmin\Scripts;
+use PhpMyAdmin\Template;
+use PhpMyAdmin\Version;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversClass;
 use ReflectionProperty;
 
 use function array_column;
+use function json_decode;
 
 #[CoversClass(ResponseRenderer::class)]
-class ResponseRendererTest extends AbstractTestCase
+final class ResponseRendererTest extends AbstractTestCase
 {
     protected function setUp(): void
     {
@@ -107,4 +112,115 @@ class ResponseRendererTest extends AbstractTestCase
 
         (new ReflectionProperty(ResponseRenderer::class, 'instance'))->setValue(null, null);
     }
+
+    public function testHtmlResponse(): void
+    {
+        (new ReflectionProperty(ResponseRenderer::class, 'instance'))->setValue(null, null);
+
+        $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] = 'index.php';
+        Current::$server = 0;
+
+        $responseRenderer = ResponseRenderer::getInstance();
+        $responseRenderer->setAjax(false);
+        $responseRenderer->addHTML('<div>TEST</div>');
+
+        $response = $responseRenderer->response();
+
+        self::assertSame(StatusCodeInterface::STATUS_OK, $response->getStatusCode());
+        self::assertSame('text/html; charset=utf-8', $response->getHeaderLine('Content-Type'));
+        $header = $responseRenderer->getHeader();
+        self::assertSame(
+            (new Template(new Config()))->render('base', [
+                'header' => [
+                    'lang' => 'en',
+                    'allow_third_party_framing' => false,
+                    'base_dir' => '',
+                    'theme_path' => '',
+                    'version' => 'v=' . Version::VERSION,
+                    'text_dir' => 'ltr',
+                    'server' => 0,
+                    'title' => 'phpMyAdmin',
+                    'scripts' => $header->getScripts()->getDisplay(),
+                    'body_id' => '',
+                    'navigation' => '',
+                    'custom_header' => '',
+                    'load_user_preferences' => '',
+                    'show_hint' => true,
+                    'is_warnings_enabled' => true,
+                    'is_menu_enabled' => true,
+                    'is_logged_in' => true,
+                    'menu' => '',
+                    'console' => $header->getConsole()->getDisplay(),
+                    'messages' => '',
+                    'theme_color_mode' => 'light',
+                    'theme_color_modes' => ['light'],
+                    'theme_id' => '',
+                    'current_user' => ['pma_test', 'localhost'],
+                    'is_mariadb' => false,
+                ],
+                'content' => '<div>TEST</div>',
+                'footer' => [
+                    'is_minimal' => false,
+                    'self_url' => 'index.php?route=%2F&server=0&lang=en',
+                    'error_messages' => '',
+                    'scripts' => <<<'HTML'
+
+                        <script data-cfasync="false">
+                        // <![CDATA[
+                        window.Console.debugSqlInfo = 'false';
+
+                        // ]]>
+                        </script>
+
+                        HTML,
+                    'is_demo' => false,
+                    'git_revision_info' => [],
+                    'footer' => '',
+                ],
+            ]),
+            (string) $response->getBody(),
+        );
+
+        (new ReflectionProperty(ResponseRenderer::class, 'instance'))->setValue(null, null);
+    }
+
+    public function testJsonResponse(): void
+    {
+        (new ReflectionProperty(ResponseRenderer::class, 'instance'))->setValue(null, null);
+
+        $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] = 'index.php';
+        Current::$server = 0;
+
+        $responseRenderer = ResponseRenderer::getInstance();
+        $responseRenderer->setAjax(true);
+        $responseRenderer->addJSON('message', 'test message');
+        $responseRenderer->addJSON('test', 'test');
+
+        $response = $responseRenderer->response();
+
+        self::assertSame(StatusCodeInterface::STATUS_OK, $response->getStatusCode());
+        self::assertSame('application/json; charset=UTF-8', $response->getHeaderLine('Content-Type'));
+        $body = (string) $response->getBody();
+        self::assertJson($body);
+        $header = $responseRenderer->getHeader();
+        self::assertEquals(
+            [
+                'message' => 'test message',
+                'test' => 'test',
+                'success' => true,
+                'title' => '<title>phpMyAdmin</title>',
+                'menu' => $header->getMenu()->getDisplay(),
+                'scripts' => $header->getScripts()->getFiles(),
+                'selflink' => 'index.php?route=%2F&server=0&lang=en',
+                'displayMessage' => '',
+                'debug' => "'false'",
+                'promptPhpErrors' => false,
+                'reloadQuerywindow' => ['db' => '', 'table' => '', 'sql_query' => ''],
+                'params' => $header->getJsParams(),
+            ],
+            json_decode($body, true),
+        );
+
+        (new ReflectionProperty(ResponseRenderer::class, 'instance'))->setValue(null, null);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/Stubs/ResponseRenderer.php b/tests/unit/Stubs/ResponseRenderer.php
index d51daab7d3..e073928eca 100644
--- a/tests/unit/Stubs/ResponseRenderer.php
+++ b/tests/unit/Stubs/ResponseRenderer.php
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use PhpMyAdmin\Config;
 use PhpMyAdmin\ConfigStorage\Relation;
 use PhpMyAdmin\Console;
 use PhpMyAdmin\DatabaseInterface;
+use PhpMyAdmin\Error\ErrorHandler;
 use PhpMyAdmin\Footer;
 use PhpMyAdmin\Header;
 use PhpMyAdmin\Http\Factory\ResponseFactory;
@@ -46,24 +47,25 @@ class ResponseRenderer extends \PhpMyAdmin\ResponseRenderer
      */
     public function __construct()
     {
-        $this->isSuccess = true;
-        $this->isAjax = false;
-
         $GLOBALS['lang'] = 'en';
-        $this->template = new Template();
-        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
-        $this->config->selectedServer['pmadb'] = 'phpmyadmin';
+        $config = Config::getInstance();
+        $config->selectedServer['pmadb'] = 'phpmyadmin';
+        $template = new Template($config);
         $dummyDbi = new DbiDummy();
         $dummyDbi->addSelectDb('phpmyadmin');
         $dbi = new DatabaseInterface($dummyDbi);
         $relation = new Relation($dbi);
-        $this->header = new Header(
-            $this->template,
-            new Console($relation, $this->template, new BookmarkRepository($dbi, $relation)),
-            $this->config,
+        $console = new Console($relation, $template, new BookmarkRepository($dbi, $relation));
+
+        parent::__construct(
+            $config,
+            $template,
+            new Header($template, $console, $config),
+            new Footer($template, $config),
+            ErrorHandler::getInstance(),
+            $dbi,
+            ResponseFactory::create(),
         );
-        $this->footer = new Footer($this->template, $this->config);
-        $this->response = ResponseFactory::create()->createResponse();
     }
 
     /**