diff --git a/psalm-baseline.xml b/psalm-baseline.xml
index 6aca6fa974..c946cd4f00 100644
--- a/psalm-baseline.xml
+++ b/psalm-baseline.xml
@@ -60,8 +60,6 @@
   <file src="src/Bookmarks/BookmarkRepository.php">
     <DeprecatedMethod>
       <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
     </DeprecatedMethod>
     <InvalidArgument>
       <code>$result</code>
@@ -847,7 +845,6 @@
   <file src="src/Console.php">
     <DeprecatedMethod>
       <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
     </DeprecatedMethod>
   </file>
   <file src="src/Controllers/AbstractController.php">
@@ -4951,14 +4948,6 @@
   <file src="src/DatabaseInterface.php">
     <DeprecatedMethod>
       <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
     </DeprecatedMethod>
     <DeprecatedProperty>
       <code>Routing::$route</code>
@@ -5769,8 +5758,6 @@
   <file src="src/File.php">
     <DeprecatedMethod>
       <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
     </DeprecatedMethod>
     <FalsableReturnStatement>
       <code><![CDATA[$this->detectCompression()]]></code>
@@ -6783,20 +6770,19 @@
   <file src="src/LanguageManager.php">
     <DeprecatedMethod>
       <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
     </DeprecatedMethod>
     <MixedArgument>
-      <code><![CDATA[$config->get('Lang')]]></code>
-      <code><![CDATA[$config->getCookie('pma_lang')]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[$this->config->get('Lang')]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[$this->config->getCookie('pma_lang')]]></code>
     </MixedArgument>
     <MixedArrayOffset>
-      <code><![CDATA[$langs[$config->get('DefaultLang')]]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[$langs[$this->config->get('DefaultLang')]]]></code>
     </MixedArrayOffset>
     <MixedArrayTypeCoercion>
-      <code><![CDATA[$langs[$config->get('DefaultLang')]]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[$langs[$this->config->get('DefaultLang')]]]></code>
     </MixedArrayTypeCoercion>
     <MixedOperand>
-      <code><![CDATA[$config->get('FilterLanguages')]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[$this->config->get('FilterLanguages')]]></code>
     </MixedOperand>
     <PossiblyInvalidArgument>
       <code><![CDATA[$_GET['lang']]]></code>
@@ -6807,8 +6793,8 @@
       <code><![CDATA[$_POST['lang']]]></code>
     </PossiblyInvalidCast>
     <PossiblyNullArgument>
-      <code><![CDATA[$config->get('Lang')]]></code>
-      <code><![CDATA[$config->getCookie('pma_lang')]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[$this->config->get('Lang')]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[$this->config->getCookie('pma_lang')]]></code>
     </PossiblyNullArgument>
     <PossiblyNullArrayOffset>
       <code>$langs</code>
@@ -6816,9 +6802,9 @@
     <RiskyTruthyFalsyComparison>
       <code><![CDATA[empty($_GET['lang'])]]></code>
       <code><![CDATA[empty($_POST['lang'])]]></code>
-      <code><![CDATA[empty($config->get('FilterLanguages'))]]></code>
-      <code><![CDATA[empty($config->get('Lang'))]]></code>
-      <code><![CDATA[empty($config->getCookie('pma_lang'))]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[empty($this->config->get('FilterLanguages'))]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[empty($this->config->get('Lang'))]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[empty($this->config->getCookie('pma_lang'))]]></code>
     </RiskyTruthyFalsyComparison>
   </file>
   <file src="src/Linter.php">
@@ -10329,8 +10315,6 @@
   </file>
   <file src="src/ResponseRenderer.php">
     <DeprecatedMethod>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
       <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
       <code>DatabaseInterface::getInstance()</code>
       <code>DatabaseInterface::getInstance()</code>
@@ -11023,7 +11007,6 @@
   <file src="src/SqlQueryForm.php">
     <DeprecatedMethod>
       <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
     </DeprecatedMethod>
     <MixedArgument>
       <code>$table</code>
@@ -11039,8 +11022,8 @@
       <code>$query</code>
     </PossiblyInvalidArgument>
     <PossiblyInvalidArrayOffset>
-      <code><![CDATA[$config->settings['Servers'][Current::$server]]]></code>
-      <code><![CDATA[$config->settings['Servers'][Current::$server]]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[$this->config->settings['Servers'][Current::$server]]]></code>
+      <code><![CDATA[$this->config->settings['Servers'][Current::$server]]]></code>
     </PossiblyInvalidArrayOffset>
     <PossiblyInvalidCast>
       <code>$query</code>
@@ -11875,8 +11858,6 @@
   <file src="src/UserPreferences.php">
     <DeprecatedMethod>
       <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
-      <code>Config::getInstance()</code>
     </DeprecatedMethod>
     <DocblockTypeContradiction>
       <code>[]</code>
diff --git a/src/Bookmarks/BookmarkRepository.php b/src/Bookmarks/BookmarkRepository.php
index 5eb4b6cde0..f4f5c40151 100644
--- a/src/Bookmarks/BookmarkRepository.php
+++ b/src/Bookmarks/BookmarkRepository.php
@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@ use PhpMyAdmin\Util;
 final class BookmarkRepository
 {
     private BookmarkFeature|null $bookmarkFeature;
+    private readonly Config $config;
 
     public function __construct(private DatabaseInterface $dbi, Relation $relation)
     {
         $this->bookmarkFeature = $relation->getRelationParameters()->bookmarkFeature;
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ final class BookmarkRepository
             return false;
         }
 
-        if (! Config::getInstance()->settings['AllowSharedBookmarks']) {
+        if (! $this->config->settings['AllowSharedBookmarks']) {
             $shared = false;
         }
 
@@ -76,7 +78,7 @@ final class BookmarkRepository
             return [];
         }
 
-        $exactUserMatch = ! Config::getInstance()->settings['AllowSharedBookmarks'];
+        $exactUserMatch = ! $this->config->settings['AllowSharedBookmarks'];
 
         $query = 'SELECT * FROM ' . Util::backquote($this->bookmarkFeature->database)
             . '.' . Util::backquote($this->bookmarkFeature->bookmark)
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ final class BookmarkRepository
         if ($user !== null) {
             $query .= ' AND (user = ' . $this->dbi->quoteString($user);
 
-            $exactUserMatch = ! Config::getInstance()->settings['AllowSharedBookmarks'];
+            $exactUserMatch = ! $this->config->settings['AllowSharedBookmarks'];
             if (! $exactUserMatch) {
                 $query .= " OR user = ''";
             }
diff --git a/src/Console.php b/src/Console.php
index 8a77772b0a..d6b853f98c 100644
--- a/src/Console.php
+++ b/src/Console.php
@@ -29,12 +29,14 @@ class Console
      * Whether we are servicing an ajax request.
      */
     private bool $isAjax = false;
+    private readonly Config $config;
 
     public function __construct(
         private readonly Relation $relation,
         private readonly Template $template,
         private readonly BookmarkRepository $bookmarkRepository,
     ) {
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -66,7 +68,7 @@ class Console
             return '';
         }
 
-        $bookmarks = $this->bookmarkRepository->getList(Config::getInstance()->selectedServer['user']);
+        $bookmarks = $this->bookmarkRepository->getList($this->config->selectedServer['user']);
         $countBookmarks = count($bookmarks);
         if ($countBookmarks > 0) {
             $welcomeMessage = sprintf(
@@ -107,7 +109,7 @@ class Console
         }
 
         $bookmarkFeature = $this->relation->getRelationParameters()->bookmarkFeature;
-        $sqlHistory = $this->relation->getHistory(Config::getInstance()->selectedServer['user']);
+        $sqlHistory = $this->relation->getHistory($this->config->selectedServer['user']);
         $bookmarkContent = $this->getBookmarkContent();
 
         return $this->template->render('console/display', [
diff --git a/src/DatabaseInterface.php b/src/DatabaseInterface.php
index 2ee35f0ee8..7e036f926d 100644
--- a/src/DatabaseInterface.php
+++ b/src/DatabaseInterface.php
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
     public float $lastQueryExecutionTime = 0;
 
     private ListDatabase|null $databaseList = null;
+    private readonly Config $config;
 
     /** @param DbiExtension $extension Object to be used for database queries */
     public function __construct(private DbiExtension $extension)
@@ -146,6 +147,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
 
         $this->cache = new Cache();
         $this->types = new Types($this);
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
     }
 
     /** @deprecated Use dependency injection instead. */
@@ -203,8 +205,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
         int $options = self::QUERY_BUFFERED,
         bool $cacheAffectedRows = true,
     ): ResultInterface|false {
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
-        $debug = isset($config->settings['DBG']) && $config->settings['DBG']['sql'];
+        $debug = isset($this->config->settings['DBG']) && $this->config->settings['DBG']['sql'];
         if (! isset($this->connections[$connectionType->value])) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
                 $result,
                 $this->lastQueryExecutionTime,
             );
-            if ($config->settings['DBG']['sqllog']) {
+            if ($this->config->settings['DBG']['sqllog']) {
                 openlog('phpMyAdmin', LOG_NDELAY | LOG_PID, LOG_USER);
 
                 syslog(
@@ -326,7 +327,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
             0,
             $connectionType,
         );
-        if (Config::getInstance()->settings['NaturalOrder']) {
+        if ($this->config->settings['NaturalOrder']) {
             usort($tables, strnatcasecmp(...));
         }
 
@@ -371,9 +372,8 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
         string|null $tableType = null,
         ConnectionType $connectionType = ConnectionType::User,
     ): array {
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
         if ($limitCount === true) {
-            $limitCount = $config->settings['MaxTableList'];
+            $limitCount = $this->config->settings['MaxTableList'];
         }
 
         $tables = [];
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
             $pagingApplied = true;
         }
 
-        if (! $config->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
+        if (! $this->config->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
             $sqlWhereTable = '';
             if ($table !== [] && $table !== '') {
                 if (is_array($table)) {
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
                 }
             }
 
-            if ($sortBy === 'Name' && $config->settings['NaturalOrder']) {
+            if ($sortBy === 'Name' && $this->config->settings['NaturalOrder']) {
                 // here, the array's first key is by schema name
                 foreach ($tables as $oneDatabaseName => $oneDatabaseTables) {
                     uksort($oneDatabaseTables, strnatcasecmp(...));
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
 
             // Sort naturally if the config allows it and we're sorting
             // the Name column.
-            if ($sortBy === 'Name' && $config->settings['NaturalOrder']) {
+            if ($sortBy === 'Name' && $this->config->settings['NaturalOrder']) {
                 uksort($eachTables, strnatcasecmp(...));
 
                 if ($sortOrder === 'DESC') {
@@ -633,21 +633,20 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
     ): array {
         $sortOrder = strtoupper($sortOrder);
 
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
         if ($limitCount === true) {
-            $limitCount = $config->settings['MaxDbList'];
+            $limitCount = $this->config->settings['MaxDbList'];
         }
 
         $applyLimitAndOrderManual = true;
 
-        if (! $config->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
+        if (! $this->config->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
             /**
-             * if \PhpMyAdmin\Config::getInstance()->settings['NaturalOrder'] is enabled, we cannot use LIMIT
+             * if NaturalOrder config is enabled, we cannot use LIMIT
              * cause MySQL does not support natural ordering,
              * we have to do it afterward
              */
             $limit = '';
-            if (! $config->settings['NaturalOrder']) {
+            if (! $this->config->settings['NaturalOrder']) {
                 if ($limitCount) {
                     $limit = ' LIMIT ' . $limitCount . ' OFFSET ' . $limitOffset;
                 }
@@ -733,7 +732,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
 
         /**
          * apply limit and order manually now
-         * (caused by older MySQL < 5 or \PhpMyAdmin\Config::getInstance()->settings['NaturalOrder'])
+         * (caused by older MySQL < 5 or NaturalOrder config)
          */
         if ($applyLimitAndOrderManual) {
             usort(
@@ -768,7 +767,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
         string|null $column = null,
         ConnectionType $connectionType = ConnectionType::User,
     ): array {
-        if (! Config::getInstance()->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
+        if (! $this->config->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
             $sql = QueryGenerator::getInformationSchemaColumnsFullRequest(
                 $database !== null ? $this->quoteString($database, $connectionType) : null,
                 $table !== null ? $this->quoteString($table, $connectionType) : null,
@@ -1460,7 +1459,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
 
         $hasGrantPrivilege = false;
 
-        if (Config::getInstance()->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
+        if ($this->config->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
             $grants = $this->getCurrentUserGrants();
 
             foreach ($grants as $grant) {
@@ -1496,7 +1495,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
 
         $hasCreatePrivilege = false;
 
-        if (Config::getInstance()->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
+        if ($this->config->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
             $grants = $this->getCurrentUserGrants();
 
             foreach ($grants as $grant) {
@@ -1875,7 +1874,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
      */
     public function getDbCollation(string $db): string
     {
-        if (! Config::getInstance()->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
+        if (! $this->config->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
             // this is slow with thousands of databases
             $sql = 'SELECT DEFAULT_COLLATION_NAME FROM information_schema.SCHEMATA'
                 . ' WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = ' . $this->quoteString($db)
@@ -1972,7 +1971,7 @@ class DatabaseInterface implements DbalInterface
     public function getDatabaseList(): ListDatabase
     {
         if ($this->databaseList === null) {
-            $this->databaseList = new ListDatabase($this, Config::getInstance(), new UserPrivilegesFactory($this));
+            $this->databaseList = new ListDatabase($this, $this->config, new UserPrivilegesFactory($this));
         }
 
         return $this->databaseList;
diff --git a/src/File.php b/src/File.php
index 7d21335b95..3569d5f6ed 100644
--- a/src/File.php
+++ b/src/File.php
@@ -79,10 +79,12 @@ class File
     protected string $charset = '';
 
     private ZipExtension $zipExtension;
+    private readonly Config $config;
 
     /** @param bool|string $name file name or false */
     public function __construct(bool|string $name = false)
     {
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
         if ($name && is_string($name)) {
             $this->setName($name);
         }
@@ -399,13 +401,12 @@ class File
      */
     public function setLocalSelectedFile(string $name): bool
     {
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
-        if ($config->settings['UploadDir'] === '') {
+        if ($this->config->settings['UploadDir'] === '') {
             return false;
         }
 
         $this->setName(
-            Util::userDir($config->settings['UploadDir']) . Core::securePath($name),
+            Util::userDir($this->config->settings['UploadDir']) . Core::securePath($name),
         );
         if (@is_link((string) $this->getName())) {
             $this->errorMessage = Message::error(__('File is a symbolic link'));
@@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ class File
             return true;
         }
 
-        $tmpSubdir = Config::getInstance()->getUploadTempDir();
+        $tmpSubdir = $this->config->getUploadTempDir();
         if ($tmpSubdir === null) {
             // cannot create directory or access, point user to FAQ 1.11
             $this->errorMessage = Message::error(__(
@@ -574,13 +575,12 @@ class File
             $this->handle = @fopen((string) $this->getName(), 'r');
         }
 
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
         switch ($this->getCompression()) {
             case false:
                 return false;
 
             case 'application/bzip2':
-                if (! $config->settings['BZipDump'] || ! function_exists('bzopen')) {
+                if (! $this->config->settings['BZipDump'] || ! function_exists('bzopen')) {
                     $this->errorUnsupported();
 
                     return false;
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ class File
                 $this->handle = @bzopen($this->getName(), 'r');
                 break;
             case 'application/gzip':
-                if (! $config->settings['GZipDump'] || ! function_exists('gzopen')) {
+                if (! $this->config->settings['GZipDump'] || ! function_exists('gzopen')) {
                     $this->errorUnsupported();
 
                     return false;
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ class File
                 $this->handle = @gzopen((string) $this->getName(), 'r');
                 break;
             case 'application/zip':
-                if ($config->settings['ZipDump'] && function_exists('zip_open')) {
+                if ($this->config->settings['ZipDump'] && function_exists('zip_open')) {
                     return $this->openZip();
                 }
 
diff --git a/src/FileListing.php b/src/FileListing.php
index 9214af90d8..584fae1eaf 100644
--- a/src/FileListing.php
+++ b/src/FileListing.php
@@ -20,6 +20,13 @@ use function str_ends_with;
  */
 class FileListing
 {
+    private readonly Config $config;
+
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns array of filtered file names
      *
@@ -96,12 +103,11 @@ class FileListing
     {
         $compressions = '';
 
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
-        if ($config->settings['GZipDump'] && function_exists('gzopen')) {
+        if ($this->config->settings['GZipDump'] && function_exists('gzopen')) {
             $compressions = 'gz';
         }
 
-        if ($config->settings['BZipDump'] && function_exists('bzopen')) {
+        if ($this->config->settings['BZipDump'] && function_exists('bzopen')) {
             if ($compressions !== '') {
                 $compressions .= '|';
             }
@@ -109,7 +115,7 @@ class FileListing
             $compressions .= 'bz2';
         }
 
-        if ($config->settings['ZipDump'] && function_exists('gzinflate')) {
+        if ($this->config->settings['ZipDump'] && function_exists('gzinflate')) {
             if ($compressions !== '') {
                 $compressions .= '|';
             }
diff --git a/src/IpAllowDeny.php b/src/IpAllowDeny.php
index f78ce8d16f..2181c2d27e 100644
--- a/src/IpAllowDeny.php
+++ b/src/IpAllowDeny.php
@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ use function substr_replace;
  */
 class IpAllowDeny
 {
+    private readonly Config $config;
+
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Matches for IPv4 or IPv6 addresses
      *
@@ -241,12 +248,11 @@ class IpAllowDeny
             return false;
         }
 
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
         // copy username
-        $username = $config->selectedServer['user'];
+        $username = $this->config->selectedServer['user'];
 
         // copy rule database
-        $rules = $config->selectedServer['AllowDeny']['rules'];
+        $rules = $this->config->selectedServer['AllowDeny']['rules'];
 
         // lookup table for some name shortcuts
         $shortcuts = ['all' => '0.0.0.0/0', 'localhost' => '127.0.0.1/8'];
diff --git a/src/LanguageManager.php b/src/LanguageManager.php
index faa537c863..8f4e9c0ac9 100644
--- a/src/LanguageManager.php
+++ b/src/LanguageManager.php
@@ -724,6 +724,12 @@ class LanguageManager
 
     /** @psalm-var 'ltr'|'rtl' */
     public static string $textDir = 'ltr';
+    private readonly Config $config;
+
+    public function __construct()
+    {
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
+    }
 
     /**
      * Returns LanguageManager singleton
@@ -785,12 +791,11 @@ class LanguageManager
     public function availableLocales(): array
     {
         if ($this->availableLocales === []) {
-            $config = Config::getInstance();
-            if (empty($config->get('FilterLanguages'))) {
+            if (empty($this->config->get('FilterLanguages'))) {
                 $this->availableLocales = $this->listLocaleDir();
             } else {
                 $this->availableLocales = preg_grep(
-                    '@' . $config->get('FilterLanguages') . '@',
+                    '@' . $this->config->get('FilterLanguages') . '@',
                     $this->listLocaleDir(),
                 );
             }
@@ -873,9 +878,8 @@ class LanguageManager
     public function selectLanguage(): Language
     {
         // check forced language
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
-        if (! empty($config->get('Lang'))) {
-            $lang = $this->getLanguage($config->get('Lang'));
+        if (! empty($this->config->get('Lang'))) {
+            $lang = $this->getLanguage($this->config->get('Lang'));
             if ($lang !== false) {
                 return $lang;
             }
@@ -905,8 +909,8 @@ class LanguageManager
         }
 
         // check previous set language
-        if (! empty($config->getCookie('pma_lang'))) {
-            $lang = $this->getLanguage($config->getCookie('pma_lang'));
+        if (! empty($this->config->getCookie('pma_lang'))) {
+            $lang = $this->getLanguage($this->config->getCookie('pma_lang'));
             if ($lang !== false) {
                 return $lang;
             }
@@ -939,7 +943,7 @@ class LanguageManager
         }
 
         // Fallback to English
-        return $langs[$config->get('DefaultLang')] ?? $langs['en'];
+        return $langs[$this->config->get('DefaultLang')] ?? $langs['en'];
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Normalization.php b/src/Normalization.php
index 29ecb4c06a..d4e236e718 100644
--- a/src/Normalization.php
+++ b/src/Normalization.php
@@ -32,12 +32,15 @@ use function trim;
  */
 class Normalization
 {
+    private readonly Config $config;
+
     public function __construct(
         private DatabaseInterface $dbi,
         private Relation $relation,
         private Transformations $transformations,
         public Template $template,
     ) {
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -119,8 +122,7 @@ class Normalization
         $contentCells = [];
         $availableMime = [];
         $mimeMap = [];
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
-        if ($relationParameters->browserTransformationFeature !== null && $config->settings['BrowseMIME']) {
+        if ($relationParameters->browserTransformationFeature !== null && $this->config->settings['BrowseMIME']) {
             $mimeMap = $this->transformations->getMime($db, $table);
             $availableMime = $this->transformations->getAvailableMimeTypes();
         }
@@ -145,8 +147,8 @@ class Normalization
             ];
         }
 
-        $charsets = Charsets::getCharsets($this->dbi, $config->selectedServer['DisableIS']);
-        $collations = Charsets::getCollations($this->dbi, $config->selectedServer['DisableIS']);
+        $charsets = Charsets::getCharsets($this->dbi, $this->config->selectedServer['DisableIS']);
+        $collations = Charsets::getCollations($this->dbi, $this->config->selectedServer['DisableIS']);
         $charsetsList = [];
         foreach ($charsets as $charset) {
             $collationsList = [];
@@ -168,13 +170,13 @@ class Normalization
             'content_cells' => $contentCells,
             'change_column' => $_POST['change_column'] ?? $_GET['change_column'] ?? null,
             'is_virtual_columns_supported' => Compatibility::isVirtualColumnsSupported($this->dbi->getVersion()),
-            'browse_mime' => $config->settings['BrowseMIME'],
+            'browse_mime' => $this->config->settings['BrowseMIME'],
             'supports_stored_keyword' => Compatibility::supportsStoredKeywordForVirtualColumns(
                 $this->dbi->getVersion(),
             ),
             'server_version' => $this->dbi->getVersion(),
-            'max_rows' => intval($config->settings['MaxRows']),
-            'char_editing' => $config->settings['CharEditing'],
+            'max_rows' => intval($this->config->settings['MaxRows']),
+            'char_editing' => $this->config->settings['CharEditing'],
             'attribute_types' => $this->dbi->types->getAttributes(),
             'privs_available' => $userPrivileges->column && $userPrivileges->isReload,
             'max_length' => $this->dbi->getVersion() >= 50503 ? 1024 : 255,
diff --git a/src/ResponseRenderer.php b/src/ResponseRenderer.php
index 06476fe78f..bb1ee07cf3 100644
--- a/src/ResponseRenderer.php
+++ b/src/ResponseRenderer.php
@@ -143,19 +143,20 @@ class ResponseRenderer
     protected Response $response;
 
     protected Template $template;
+    protected Config $config;
 
     private function __construct()
     {
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
         $this->template = new Template();
         $dbi = DatabaseInterface::getInstance();
         $relation = new Relation($dbi);
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
         $this->header = new Header(
             $this->template,
             new Console($relation, $this->template, new BookmarkRepository($dbi, $relation)),
-            $config,
+            $this->config,
         );
-        $this->footer = new Footer($this->template, $config);
+        $this->footer = new Footer($this->template, $this->config);
         $this->response = ResponseFactory::create()->createResponse();
 
         $this->setAjax(! empty($_REQUEST['ajax_request']));
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ class ResponseRenderer
                 // set current db, table and sql query in the querywindow
                 // (this is for the bottom console)
                 $query = '';
-                $maxChars = Config::getInstance()->settings['MaxCharactersInDisplayedSQL'];
+                $maxChars = $this->config->settings['MaxCharactersInDisplayedSQL'];
                 if (isset($GLOBALS['sql_query']) && mb_strlen($GLOBALS['sql_query']) < $maxChars) {
                     $query = $GLOBALS['sql_query'];
                 }
@@ -440,7 +441,7 @@ class ResponseRenderer
          * like /phpmyadmin/index.php/ which some web servers happily accept.
          */
         if (str_starts_with($url, '.')) {
-            $url = Config::getInstance()->getRootPath() . substr($url, 2);
+            $url = $this->config->getRootPath() . substr($url, 2);
         }
 
         $this->addHeader('Location', $url);
diff --git a/src/SqlQueryForm.php b/src/SqlQueryForm.php
index c5274a64c6..9ee5c3c323 100644
--- a/src/SqlQueryForm.php
+++ b/src/SqlQueryForm.php
@@ -28,11 +28,14 @@ use function str_contains;
  */
 class SqlQueryForm
 {
+    private readonly Config $config;
+
     public function __construct(
         private Template $template,
         private DatabaseInterface $dbi,
         private readonly BookmarkRepository $bookmarkRepository,
     ) {
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -88,9 +91,8 @@ class SqlQueryForm
         $bookmarkFeature = $relation->getRelationParameters()->bookmarkFeature;
 
         $bookmarks = [];
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
         if ($displayTab === 'full' && $bookmarkFeature !== null) {
-            $bookmarkList = $this->bookmarkRepository->getList($config->selectedServer['user'], $db);
+            $bookmarkList = $this->bookmarkRepository->getList($this->config->selectedServer['user'], $db);
 
             foreach ($bookmarkList as $bookmarkItem) {
                 $bookmarks[] = [
@@ -104,15 +106,15 @@ class SqlQueryForm
 
         return $this->template->render('sql/query', [
             'legend' => $legend ?? '',
-            'textarea_cols' => $config->settings['TextareaCols'],
-            'textarea_rows' => $config->settings['TextareaRows'],
-            'textarea_auto_select' => $config->settings['TextareaAutoSelect'],
+            'textarea_cols' => $this->config->settings['TextareaCols'],
+            'textarea_rows' => $this->config->settings['TextareaRows'],
+            'textarea_auto_select' => $this->config->settings['TextareaAutoSelect'],
             'columns_list' => $columnsList ?? [],
-            'codemirror_enable' => $config->settings['CodemirrorEnable'],
+            'codemirror_enable' => $this->config->settings['CodemirrorEnable'],
             'has_bookmark' => $bookmarkFeature !== null,
             'delimiter' => $delimiter,
-            'retain_query_box' => $config->settings['RetainQueryBox'] !== false,
-            'is_upload' => $config->get('enable_upload'),
+            'retain_query_box' => $this->config->settings['RetainQueryBox'] !== false,
+            'is_upload' => $this->config->get('enable_upload'),
             'db' => $db,
             'table' => $table,
             'goto' => $goto,
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ class SqlQueryForm
             'bookmarks' => $bookmarks,
             'can_convert_kanji' => Encoding::canConvertKanji(),
             'is_foreign_key_check' => ForeignKey::isCheckEnabled(),
-            'allow_shared_bookmarks' => $config->settings['AllowSharedBookmarks'],
+            'allow_shared_bookmarks' => $this->config->settings['AllowSharedBookmarks'],
         ]);
     }
 
@@ -135,29 +137,28 @@ class SqlQueryForm
     public function init(string $query): array
     {
         $columnsList = [];
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
         if (Current::$database === '') {
             // prepare for server related
             $legend = sprintf(
                 __('Run SQL query/queries on server “%s”'),
                 htmlspecialchars(
-                    ! empty($config->settings['Servers'][Current::$server]['verbose'])
-                    ? $config->settings['Servers'][Current::$server]['verbose']
-                    : $config->settings['Servers'][Current::$server]['host'],
+                    ! empty($this->config->settings['Servers'][Current::$server]['verbose'])
+                    ? $this->config->settings['Servers'][Current::$server]['verbose']
+                    : $this->config->settings['Servers'][Current::$server]['host'],
                 ),
             );
         } elseif (Current::$table === '') {
             // prepare for db related
             $db = Current::$database;
             // if you want navigation:
-            $scriptName = Util::getScriptNameForOption($config->settings['DefaultTabDatabase'], 'database');
+            $scriptName = Util::getScriptNameForOption($this->config->settings['DefaultTabDatabase'], 'database');
             $tmpDbLink = '<a href="' . $scriptName
                 . Url::getCommon(['db' => $db], ! str_contains($scriptName, '?') ? '?' : '&')
                 . '">';
             $tmpDbLink .= htmlspecialchars($db) . '</a>';
             $legend = sprintf(__('Run SQL query/queries on database %s'), $tmpDbLink);
             if ($query === '') {
-                $query = Util::expandUserString($config->settings['DefaultQueryDatabase'], Util::backquote(...));
+                $query = Util::expandUserString($this->config->settings['DefaultQueryDatabase'], Util::backquote(...));
             }
         } else {
             $db = Current::$database;
@@ -167,12 +168,12 @@ class SqlQueryForm
             // trying to synchronize and the table has not yet been created
             $columnsList = $this->dbi->getColumns($db, Current::$table, true);
 
-            $scriptName = Util::getScriptNameForOption($config->settings['DefaultTabTable'], 'table');
+            $scriptName = Util::getScriptNameForOption($this->config->settings['DefaultTabTable'], 'table');
             $tmpTblLink = '<a href="' . $scriptName . Url::getCommon(['db' => $db, 'table' => $table], '&') . '">';
             $tmpTblLink .= htmlspecialchars($db) . '.' . htmlspecialchars($table) . '</a>';
             $legend = sprintf(__('Run SQL query/queries on table %s'), $tmpTblLink);
             if ($query === '') {
-                $query = Util::expandUserString($config->settings['DefaultQueryTable'], Util::backquote(...));
+                $query = Util::expandUserString($this->config->settings['DefaultQueryTable'], Util::backquote(...));
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/src/UserPreferences.php b/src/UserPreferences.php
index d78459cb73..5acfcedd1f 100644
--- a/src/UserPreferences.php
+++ b/src/UserPreferences.php
@@ -30,11 +30,14 @@ use function urlencode;
  */
 class UserPreferences
 {
+    private readonly Config $config;
+
     public function __construct(
         private readonly DatabaseInterface $dbi,
         private readonly Relation $relation,
         private readonly Template $template,
     ) {
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ class UserPreferences
         $cf->setCfgUpdateReadMapping(
             ['Server/hide_db' => 'Servers/1/hide_db', 'Server/only_db' => 'Servers/1/only_db'],
         );
-        $cf->updateWithGlobalConfig(Config::getInstance()->settings);
+        $cf->updateWithGlobalConfig($this->config->settings);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ class UserPreferences
     {
         $query = 'SELECT SCHEMA_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = '
             . $this->dbi->quoteString($database->getName());
-        if (Config::getInstance()->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
+        if ($this->config->selectedServer['DisableIS']) {
             $query = 'SHOW DATABASES LIKE '
                 . $this->dbi->quoteString(
                     $this->dbi->escapeMysqlWildcards($database->getName()),
@@ -202,7 +205,7 @@ class UserPreferences
     public function apply(array $configData): array
     {
         $cfg = [];
-        $excludeList = array_flip(Config::getInstance()->settings['UserprefsDisallow']);
+        $excludeList = array_flip($this->config->settings['UserprefsDisallow']);
         $allowList = array_flip(UserFormList::getFields());
         // allow some additional fields which are custom handled
         $allowList['ThemeDefault'] = true;
diff --git a/tests/classes/Stubs/ResponseRenderer.php b/tests/classes/Stubs/ResponseRenderer.php
index 8f9ac0f05c..1faab2d41a 100644
--- a/tests/classes/Stubs/ResponseRenderer.php
+++ b/tests/classes/Stubs/ResponseRenderer.php
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ class ResponseRenderer extends \PhpMyAdmin\ResponseRenderer
 
         $GLOBALS['lang'] = 'en';
         $this->template = new Template();
-        $config = Config::getInstance();
-        $config->selectedServer['pmadb'] = 'phpmyadmin';
+        $this->config = Config::getInstance();
+        $this->config->selectedServer['pmadb'] = 'phpmyadmin';
         $dummyDbi = new DbiDummy();
         $dummyDbi->addSelectDb('phpmyadmin');
         $dbi = new DatabaseInterface($dummyDbi);
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ class ResponseRenderer extends \PhpMyAdmin\ResponseRenderer
         $this->header = new Header(
             $this->template,
             new Console($relation, $this->template, new BookmarkRepository($dbi, $relation)),
-            $config,
+            $this->config,
         );
-        $this->footer = new Footer($this->template, $config);
+        $this->footer = new Footer($this->template, $this->config);
         $this->response = ResponseFactory::create()->createResponse();
     }